How does private mortgage insurance work?
Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) is a policy that protects lenders if a borrower defaults on a Conventional loan with a down payment under 20%. PMI is typically required for Conventional loans with lower down payments and can be paid monthly as part of the mortgage payment. Borrowers can cancel PMI once they've built up enough equity in their home, usually when the loan-to-value ratio reaches 78% or 80%.
It is often assumed that Conventional loans require a 20% down payment. Many lenders will actually accept a down payment amount as low as 3%. However, paying a 20% down payment will eliminate the need for the borrower to have Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI).
What is PMI?
PMI is a policy that protects the lender if the borrower defaults on the loan. It is typically required when a borrower makes a down payment of less than 20% of the home's purchase price. The cost of PMI is usually added to the monthly mortgage payment and can vary based on factors like the loan amount, down payment, and credit score.
Why is PMI Required?
Lenders require PMI to mitigate the risk of default. A smaller down payment means the borrower has less equity in the home, increasing the lender's risk. Since Conventional loans are not backed by the government, they are considered riskier to lenders. PMI is paid to mortgage insurance companies to give the lender some protection in case the borrower defaults on their loan.
How Much is PMI?
The cost of PMI can vary, but it is typically calculated as a percentage of the loan amount. For example, on a $300,000 mortgage with a 5% down payment, PMI might cost 0.5% to 1% of the loan amount annually, or $1,500 to $3,000 per year, which translates to $125 to $250 per month.
How to Get Rid of PMI
PMI can be canceled once the borrower has built up enough equity in the home. The Homeowners Protection Act of 1998 requires lenders to automatically cancel PMI when the Loan-to-Value (LTV) ratio reaches 78%. Borrowers can request cancellation once the LTV ratio reaches 80% by providing evidence of the home's value, such as a new appraisal.
How to Avoid PMI
There are a few ways to avoid PMI. They include:
- Making a Larger Down Payment: The simplest way to avoid PMI is to make a down payment of at least 20%.
- Using a Piggyback Mortgage: This involves taking out a second mortgage to cover the difference between a 20% down payment and the amount you can afford upfront.
- Exploring Lender-Paid Mortgage Insurance (LPMI): Some lenders offer LPMI, where the lender pays the PMI premium in exchange for a slightly higher interest rate on the mortgage.
Benefits of PMI
- Increased Homeownership Opportunities: PMI allows more people to become homeowners by reducing the required down payment.
- No Government Restrictions: Conventional Loans with PMI do not come with the same program restrictions as government-backed loans, making them more flexible in areas like property requirements.
Things to Consider About PMI
- Additional Monthly Cost: PMI adds to the monthly mortgage payment, which can be a financial burden. Paying a higher down payment up front may be able to save you money in the log run.
- Complexity in Cancellation: The process of canceling PMI can be complex and may require additional documentation and fees.
PMI allows more people to become homeowners by reducing the required down payment, but it also adds to the monthly mortgage payment and provides no direct benefit to the borrower. By making a larger down payment, exploring alternative strategies like piggyback mortgages, or opting for lender-paid mortgage insurance, borrowers can manage the cost of PMI and find the best financing option for their needs.
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